P20 Steel Equivalent | Suppliers | Delhi

P20 steel equivalent

P20 steel equivalent and p20 steel is a widely recognized and utilized tool steel in the manufacturing industry, particularly esteemed for its application in plastic injection molding and die-casting processes. Its exceptional balance of toughness, hardness, and machinability makes it a preferred choice for producing durable and precise molds. However, depending on regional standards and specific application requirements, manufacturers often seek equivalent grades to P20 steel that offer comparable properties. This comprehensive article delves into the equivalents of P20 steel across various international standards, their chemical compositions, mechanical properties, applications, and considerations for selection.

p20 steel equivalent
p20 steel equivalent

Understanding P20 Steel

Before exploring its equivalents, it’s essential to grasp the fundamental characteristics of P20 steel. Classified as a low-alloy tool steel, P20 is typically supplied in a pre-hardened condition, eliminating the need for additional heat treatment. Its balanced composition imparts good toughness and wear resistance, making it ideal for mold-making applications.

Chemical Composition of P20 Steel

The typical chemical composition of P20 steel includes:

  • Carbon (C): 0.28% – 0.40%
  • Silicon (Si): 0.20% – 0.80%
  • Manganese (Mn): 0.60% – 1.00%
  • Chromium (Cr): 1.40% – 2.00%
  • Molybdenum (Mo): 0.30% – 0.55%
  • Nickel (Ni): ≤ 0.50%
  • Phosphorus (P): ≤ 0.03%
  • Sulfur (S): ≤ 0.03%

This composition ensures a balance between strength and machinability, crucial for mold manufacturing.

Mechanical Properties of P20 Steel

P20 steel exhibits the following mechanical properties:

  • Hardness: Typically supplied in a pre-hardened state with a hardness of 28 to 34 HRC.
  • Tensile Strength: Approximately 930 to 1,160 MPa.
  • Yield Strength: Around 800 to 1,000 MPa.
  • Elongation: Approximately 20%.

These properties make P20 steel suitable for molds requiring high durability and precision.

International Equivalents of P20 Steel

Various countries have developed their own standards and designations for tool steels equivalent to P20. Understanding these equivalents is vital for global manufacturing operations and material sourcing.

1.2311 Steel (Germany/Europe)

In European standards, particularly DIN EN ISO 4957, the equivalent grade to P20 steel is 1.2311. This grade shares similar chemical composition and mechanical properties with P20, making it suitable for comparable applications.

Chemical Composition of 1.2311 Steel:

  • Carbon (C): 0.35% – 0.45%
  • Silicon (Si): ≤ 0.40%
  • Manganese (Mn): 1.30% – 1.60%
  • Chromium (Cr): 1.80% – 2.10%
  • Molybdenum (Mo): 0.15% – 0.25%
  • Phosphorus (P): ≤ 0.03%
  • Sulfur (S): ≤ 0.03%

The slight variations in composition, such as higher manganese content, contribute to its specific properties.

3Cr2Mo (China)

In China, the equivalent grade to P20 steel is 3Cr2Mo, as per the GB/T 1299 standard. This grade aligns closely with P20 in terms of composition and application.

Chemical Composition of 3Cr2Mo Steel:

  • Carbon (C): 0.28% – 0.40%
  • Silicon (Si): 0.20% – 0.80%
  • Manganese (Mn): 0.60% – 1.00%
  • Chromium (Cr): 1.40% – 2.00%
  • Molybdenum (Mo): 0.30% – 0.55%
  • Phosphorus (P): ≤ 0.03%
  • Sulfur (S): ≤ 0.03%

This composition ensures the steel’s suitability for mold-making applications requiring durability and precision.

1.2312 Steel (Germany/Europe)

Another European equivalent is 1.2312, which is similar to 1.2311 but with added sulfur to enhance machinability. This modification makes it particularly suitable for applications requiring extensive machining.

Chemical Composition of 1.2312 Steel:

  • Carbon (C): 0.35% – 0.45%
  • Silicon (Si): ≤ 0.40%
  • Manganese (Mn): 1.40% – 1.60%
  • Chromium (Cr): 1.80% – 2.10%
  • Molybdenum (Mo): 0.15%

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